城乡女性自我药疗现状及影响因素分析

Prevalence and determinants of self-medication in urban and rural women

目的了解城乡女性自我药疗现状及存在问题,并分析影响安全自我药疗的因素。方法于2015年6—8月,通过拦截方式问卷调查河南省新乡市及其所辖县城、乡村1 369名18岁以上女性,运用SAS 9.2软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 1 369名女性通常患感冒发热等常见病后,31.75%市区对象、25.97%的县城对象、25.86%的乡村对象会到药店自行购药服用,病情较轻是女性自我药疗的最主要原因,市区、县城、乡村分别占59.33%、58.36%和57.56%;用药主要依据自身经验,3地区分别占47.78%、48.84%和41.95%。女性不经常阅读说明书的比例较高,市区为33.52%,县城为42.15%,乡村为40.80%,3地区间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=14.365 9,P=0.006 2)。除是否查看生产日期和有效期、是否按导购人员推荐购买行为外,其他购药行为和服药行为在市区、县城、乡村地区的分布差异均有统计学意义。城乡、受教育程度、婚姻状况、家庭月收入与女性自我药疗行为认知得分有关。结论城乡女性自我药疗率均较高,但安全自我药疗行为认知得分较低,且城乡间存在差异。女性自我药疗行为认知得分与城乡、受教育程度、婚姻状况、家庭月收入有关,政府应针对不同地区、不同人群进行相关健康教育。

Objective To explore current situation and influence factors of self-medication among urban and rural women, and to provide evidences for relevant strategy-making. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in 1 369 female persons over 18 years old with interception survey method in urban and rural areas of Xinxiang municipality between June and August 2015. SAS 9. 2 software was applied for statistical analysis of the data. Results There were31. 75%, 25. 97%, 25. 86% of the women living in cities, counties, and towns or villages reporting self-medication and the major reason for the self-medication was the self-perceived mild condition of the illness,which was reported by59. 33%, 58. 36%, and 57. 56% of the women living in cities, counties, and towns or villages, respectively. The most basis for self-medication was the own experience,which was reported by 47. 78%, 48. 84%, and 41. 95% of the women living in cities, counties, and towns or villages. There was a significant difference in the ratio of not reading instruction before having self-medication among the women living in cities( 33. 52%),counties( 42. 15%),and towns or villages( 40. 80%)( χ~2 = 14. 365 9,P = 0. 006 2). There were also significant differences in behaviors relevant to purchasing and taking medicine among the women living in different regions,except for in paying attention to production date and validity period of the medicine and purchasing medicine according the recommendation of shopping guide. The scores for cognition on self-medication were influenced by residential region,education level,marital status,and family income among the women. Conclusion The prevalence of self-medication was high but the awareness rate of safe self-medication was low and behaviors relevant to self-medication were influenced by residential region, education level,marital status and family monthly income among urban and rural adult women in Henan province, suggesting that specific health education on self-medication should be implemented by governmental agencies in populations with various characteristics.