山东老年人生活事件应激水平及与心理健康风险关系

Life event stress and its relationship with mental health among elderly residents in Shandong province

目的了解老年人生活事件应激水平及其与心理健康状况的相关性。方法 2015年1月1日—2月28日,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,利用课题组自行编制的老年人社会状况调查问卷、症状自评量表、社会支持评定量表、老年人生活事件量表对2 200名≥60岁老年人进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷2 013份。结果山东省2 013名≥60岁老年人生活事件应激得分范围在0~239分,中位数为14.00,四分位数间距为28.00,患有慢性疾病(55.44%)、本人离职退休(31.59%)、本人住院治疗(30.35%)等生活事件发生频率较高;多因素分析结果显示,山东省老年人生活事件应激水平的影响因素包括性别(OR=1.245)、受教育程度(OR=0.659)、婚姻状况(OR=1.786、2.807)、生活自理能力(OR=1.813、1.939)和慢性病种类(OR=2.125~4.810)(均P<0.05);生活事件应激水平得分与老年人SCL-90得分呈正相关(r=0.532,P<0.01),其中家庭相关生活事件(r=0.481,P<0.01)、负性生活事件(r=0.516,P<0.01)与老年人心理健康状况相关性最强。结论性别、受教育程度、婚姻状况、生活自理能力和慢性病种类是老年人生活事件应激水平的主要影响因素,且生活事件应激水平越高老年人心理健康状况越差。

Objective To investigate the level of life event stress and its correlation with mental health among the elderly. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 200 community people aged 60 years and above se- lected with multi-stage stratified random sampling in Shandong province from January 1 st to February 28th,2015. Symp- tom Checklist 90 （ SCL-90 ）, Social Support Rating Scale, Life Events Scale, and a self-designed questionnaire on demog- raphy were adopted in the survey. Results For the 2 013 participants with eligible information, the score of life event stress ranged from 0 to 239, with a median value of 14.00 and a quartile interval of 28.00. The life events frequently re- ported by the elderly were suffering from chronic diseases （55.44%）;retirement （31.59%）, and hospitalization （ 30. 35 % ）. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that gender, education level, marital status, self-care ability, and the type of chronic diseases suffered from had significant effect on the level of life event stress among the elderly （ P 〈 0. 05 for all）. There was a positive correlation between the scores of stress level and SCL-90 （ r = 0. 532, P 〈 0. 01 ） and strong as- sociations of family related life event （ r = 0.481, P 〈 0. 01 ） and negative life event （ r = 0. 516, P 〈 0. 01 ） with mental health status were observed among the elderly. Conclusion Gender, education level, marital status, self-care ability, and the type of chronic diseases suffered from are main influencing factors of life event stress and life event stress is reversely correlated with mental health status among the elderly in Shandong province.