低能量状态对飞行安全的危害及改出方法

Hazards of low energy state to flight safety and recovery methods

对民机在进近着陆阶段可能诱发飞行事故的低能量状态和驾驶员的改出操纵方法进行了研究。根据近年的民机事故分析报告,结合运输类飞机适航标准CCAR-25-R4、飞行试验指南AC25-7C、军用规范及相关行业标准,较系统地提出了涉及着陆拉平、侧风着陆和可控撞地的低能量状态的定量判定准则。以某型支线客机为例,采用数字仿真计算的方法,分别研究了在进近着陆过程中低动能和低势能状态可能导致的飞行安全问题及其特点。针对低动能改出提出了增加速度并抑制爬升的方法,针对低势能改出提出了增大俯仰姿态并保持速度的方法,最后通过仿真计算验证了两种改出方法的有效性。研究结果可为低能量告警系统的设计和驾驶员的改出操纵培训等提供理论参考。

The low energy state which may induce flight accidents during the approach and landing phases of civil aircraft and the pilot＇s recovery methods are studied.According to the analysis reports of civil aircraft accidents in recent years and the requirements of airworthiness standards for civil transport aircraft CCAR-25-R4,flight test guide AC25-7C,military specifications and related industry standards,the quantitative criteria for the low energy state of land leveling,crosswind landing,and controlled flight into terrain are set up.Taking a regional jet as an example,we study the flight safety problems and characteristics of the low kinetic energy and the low potential energy state during the approach and landing by using digital simulation method.A method for increasing the speed and suppressing the climb is proposed for low kinetic energy recovery.A method for increasing the pitch attitude and maintaining the speed is also proposed for low potential energy recovery.Simulation results show the effectiveness of the two methods.The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the design of low energy alarm system and the training of pilots.