格物、致知与居敬、穷理——政治伦理视野下朱熹忠德修养的主要方法与实践路径

To Know the Outside World,To Attain Knowledge and Earnestness,To Study the Principle Exhaustively——The Path and Main Methods of Cultivation Practice of Zhu Xi's Loyalty Thoughts in the Perspective of Political Ethics

格物、致知、居敬和穷理是朱熹忠德修养的主要方法与实践路径。格物和致知主要体现为朱熹的忠德认识论,是属于"道问学"的修养进路。居敬和穷理主要体现为道德实践论,是属于"尊德性"的修养进路。格物和致知属于朱熹忠德修养实践"外在超越"的范畴,强调外在的"客观知识范畴"。居敬和穷理则属于忠德修养实践的"内向超越"的范畴,强调的是"主体价值范畴"。格物、致知、居敬、穷理一脉相承,四者相互促进、互相转化、相辅相成,共同促进朱熹忠德思想的养成,是忠德之人可学而至最基本的修养路径。

To know the outside world, to attain the knowledge and earnestness, to study the principle exhaustively are the path and main methods of cultivation practice of Zhu Xi＇ s loyalty thoughts. To know the outside world and to attain knowl- edge are mainly embodied in epistemology of Zhu Xi＇ s loyalty thoughts, which belongs to the cultivation road of the pursuit of knowledge. Earnestness and to study the principle exhaustively are mainly embodied in the moral practice, which belongs to the approach of the accomplishment of the ＂virtue respect＂. To know the outside world and to get knowledge belong to ＂＇ external transcendence＂ category, emphasizing external ＂objective knowledge＂. Earnestness and to study the principle exhaustively belong to the category of ＂inward transcendence＂ of loyalty practice, emphasizing ＂subject value category＂. To know the outside world, to attain the knowledge and to treat specifically, earnestness, to study the principle exhaustively are four indivisible aspects of Zhu Xi＇s loyalty thoughts cultivation practice, which are complimentary, promote each other, mingle with each other and promote loyalty subjects to know, to learn, to be and to practice loyalty jointly. It is the most basic path that a man of loyalty can learn to accomplish.