熔喷静电微分纺丝法制备纳米纤维

Melt Electro-Blowing Spinning for Preparation of Nanofibers

熔喷静电微分纺丝法是结合熔喷和无针静电纺丝的一种制备纳米纤维的方法,采用自行设计制造的熔喷-电纺喷头,通过改变气流速度和温度,分别采用熔喷、静电纺丝和熔喷-静电纺丝3种方法制备纤维,利用SEM对纤维进行表征,分析了3种纺丝条件对纤维直径和直径分布的影响。结果表明:熔喷法制得的纤维直径较细,但直径分布较宽,而无针静电纺丝法制得的纤维直径较粗,但直径分布窄,熔喷静电微分纺丝法结合了两者的优势,能制得直径小且分布均匀的纤维,最后在控制气流温度为180℃左右,气流速度为30 m/s的情况下,成功制得能够达到平均直径为300 nm的均匀超细纤维,为制备更高要求的过滤、电池隔膜和生物材料等应用方面的材料提供了一种新方法。

Melt electro-blowing spinning was a method of combinating melt-blown and needleless electrospinning for preparing nanofiber. The fiber was prepared through melt-blown, electrospinning and electro-blowing based on the self-made melt electro-blowing spinning nozzle, respectively. The effects on the fiber diameter and diameter distribution caused by the three methods were analyzed through changing the air velocity and temperature, and characterizing the fiber with SEM. The results showed that the diameter of fiber prepared through melt-blown method was fine, but the diameter distribution was wide. And the diameter of fiber prepared through needleless electrospinning method was large, but the diameter distribution was narrow. While electro-blowing spinning method combined the advantages of the above methods, and could prepare the fibers with small diameter and uniform diameter distribution. Finally, the uniform ultra-fine fibers with the average diameter of 300 nm were prepared successfully with this method under the condition that the air temperature was about 180 ℃ and the air velocity was 30 m/s. It could provide a new method for the preparation of fibers with higher requirements such as filtering membrane, battery diaphragm material, biological material and so on.