生物炭和脱硫石膏对盐碱土壤基本理化性质及玉米生长的影响

Effect of biochar and FGD-gypsum application on soil basic physical and chemical properties and maize growth of saline soil

采用玉米室内盆栽实验的方法,研究了内蒙古包头市西部盐碱土壤在施用以玉米秸秆和污泥为原料制备的生物炭、脱硫石膏及其混合物等不同土壤改良剂对土壤基本理化性质及玉米生长的影响。研究结果表明:单独施用生物炭能够显著提高土壤中养分含量,虽然随着玉米的生长,对土壤养分大量吸收,土壤养分略有降低,但土壤养分仍远远高于未经任何处理的盐碱土壤养分含量;单独施加脱硫石膏对降低土壤碱度、盐度有显著效果,施用脱硫石膏后土壤pH呈下降趋势(0~80 d),pH最多降低了0.74个单位,且脱硫石膏具有较好的脱盐作用,种植玉米后土壤中溶解性盐含量分别降低了22.55%、25.60%、33.74%、44.07%、45.41%。生物炭和脱硫石膏混合物对土壤的影响,既在一定程度上降低了土壤盐、碱度,又提高了土壤中养分含量,且对玉米生长具有促进作用,能提高玉米生物量。

The effects of the application of different soil conditioners（biochar produced by corn straw and sludge,FGD-gypsum and its compounds） on soil structure were studied by pot experiment with saline soil in Baotou city west,Inner Mongolia autonomous region. The results showed that separate application of biochar can significantly improve the soil nutrient content,although corn can largely absorb soil nutrients with the corn growth,soil nutrient was still higher nutrient content than without any processing of saline soil. Separately applied FGD-gypsum has significant effect on the lowering soil alkalinity and salinity,soil pH is on the decline after application of desulfurization gypsum（0 to 80 d）,pH decreased by 0. 74 units,and the FGD-gypsum has good desalting,soluble salt content in soil after planting corn was reduced by 22. 55%,25. 60%,33. 74%,44. 07%and 45. 41%,respectively. Its compounds can reduce saline soil salinity and increase the content of nutrients in the soil,and has a promoting effect on maize growth and biomass.