初始损伤对混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀劣化性能的影响

Influence of initial damage on degradation and deterioration of concrete under sulfate attack

通过试验研究含初始损伤混凝土在硫酸盐腐蚀和干湿循环共同作用下的性能,分析了不同初始损伤程度混凝土随腐蚀时间的增加,其质量、超声波传播速度、强度、单轴压缩应力应变曲线以及声发射活动的变化,运用损伤力学对腐蚀损伤进行定量评价和参数拟合,基于声发射特性建立含初始损伤混凝土的腐蚀受荷损伤模型并进一步分析其损伤演化过程,借助环境扫描电镜与电子能谱技术观测分析受硫酸盐腐蚀作用初始损伤混凝土微结构的变化,揭示其损伤机理.试验结果表明,随着腐蚀时间的增加,不同初始损伤程度混凝土的质量、超声波传播速度和强度均呈先增大后减小,初始损伤程度增加会加速混凝土在腐蚀作用下物理力学性能的劣化,其影响存在阈值,分别以抗压强度、超声波速为损伤变量可以建立混凝土的腐蚀损伤劣化方程,并进一步得出不同损伤表达式间的函数关系;相同腐蚀时间下,初始损伤的增加使声发射活动减弱且产生明显的声发射的时间滞后;初始损伤下,基于声发射特性的混凝土损伤演化过程可分为初期压密阶段、损伤稳定演化阶段和损伤加速发展阶段3个阶段;初始损伤的增加使混凝土内部腐蚀反应更为活跃,微裂纹网络体系比无初始损伤状态下更加发达,呈现龟裂状延伸和扩展,进而改变了混凝土的宏观物理力学性质.

The variation of properties of concrete with initial damage under sulfate and wet-dry-cycle environments was experimentally investigated. With increased corrosion time,changes in the parameters of concrete with initial damage were analyzed,including mass,ultrasonic velocity,compressive strength,stress – strain curves,and the activities of acoustic emission under uniaxial compression. A quantitative evaluation and parameter fitting for corrosion damage was made based on damage mechanical theory.Based on the acoustic emission characteristics,a damage model of corroded concrete with initial damage was established and its damage evolution was analyzed. Using environmental scanning electron microscopy（ ESEM） and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis（ EDX）,the damage mechanisms were revealed in observations of the microstructures and element compositions of concretes with initial damage induced by sulfate corrosion. The research results show that with increased erosion time,the mass,ultrasonic velocity,and compressive strength of concrete with different degrees of initial damage first increase and then decrease. Increases in the degree of initial damage may accelerate the degradation of physical and mechanical properties,but a threshold effect exists. Compressive strength and ultrasonic velocity can be regarded as damage variables,and corrosion damage evolution equations and the functional relationship between different damage formulas were established. With increased erosion time,the stress-strain curve of concrete with initial damage is obviously concave-upward and the elastic-stage time period can be comparatively shorter whereas the yield-stage timeperiod increases. An increase in the degree of initial damage results in an obvious attenuation of the acoustic emission activity,which lags behind the time of the obvious acoustic emission response. Based on the acoustic emission characteristics,the damage evolution process of concrete with initial damage can be divided into three stages,including the compaction,stable damage evolution and development,and accelerating damage development stages. With an increase in the degree of initial damage,stronger corrosion reactions and composition changes occur inside the concrete. Compared to undamaged concrete,the expansion and extension of denser and deeper micro-cracks occur in concrete with initial damage under sulfate attack,which accelerates the degradation of the physical and mechanical properties of corroded concrete.