旱地玉米秸秆地膜二元覆盖的土壤水热效应研究

Study on Soil Water and Heat Effect of Plastic Film Combined With Straw Mulch in Dryland Maize Field

为了研究不同覆盖方式对旱地农田土壤水温变化规律和降水高效利用的影响,以探求旱地玉米最佳覆盖种植方式,于2013—2015年在山西省寿阳县连续定点定位设置秸秆地膜二元覆盖(MS)、宽膜覆盖(FM)、窄膜覆盖(NM))3个不同覆盖种植方式,以传统露地平作为对照(CK),研究不同覆盖种植模式对旱地玉米土壤温度、水分和产量的影响。结果表明:(1)二元覆盖昼夜温差比宽膜覆盖、窄膜覆盖和露地变化幅度小,二元覆盖昼夜相差8.8℃;在播后25~35天,15cm土层的土壤温度由19.1℃上升到26.5℃,呈现微弱的增温效应。(2)玉米整个生育期秸秆地膜二元覆盖处理(MS)0—160cm土壤贮水量较CK增加68mm;3年平均含水量显示,MS、FM和NM比CK分别提高4.5%,0.4%和1.2%。(3)秸秆地膜二元覆盖(MS)处理,比露地增产17.4%,水分利用效率提高24.8%。因此,秸秆地膜二元覆盖能综合改善田间温度、水分因子,提高了玉米产量和水分利用效率,是山西省旱地玉米最佳的覆盖方式。

A field experiment was conducted in 2013-2015 at Shouyang in Shanxi Province of China,to study the effects of different mulching modes on the changes of soil moisture and temperature,and to explore the best planting pattern of dryland maize in Shanxi Province.Three different mulching patterns were included,i.e.plastic film-straw overlay（MS）,full plastic film mulching（FM）,narrow plastic film mulching（NM）.And soil temperature,moisture,and yield of spring maize were assessed using traditional farming pattern as control（CK）.Results showed that：（1）The diurnal variation of MS was smaller than that of FM,NM and CK,the difference was 8.8℃;and 25-35dafter sowing,the temperature in 15 cm soil layer increased from19.1 ℃to 26.5℃,showing a weak warming effect.（2）During the whole growth period of maize,MS raised68 mm of soil storage in the 0-160 cm soil layer compared to CK,and the 3-year average water content in MS,FM and NM increased by 4.5%,0.4%and 1.2%respectively.（3）Compared to CK,maize yield of MS increased by 17.4%,WUE of MS increased by 24.8%.Thus,the plastic film combined with straw mulch could improve soil temperature,moisture,and consequently improve maize yield and WUE,should be the best mulching pattern for dryland maize cultivation in Shanxi Province.