密肥控对通优粳1号产量影响及高产技术优化

Effect of Density,Fertilizer and Chemical Control on Yield of Japonica Varieties Tongyoujing 1 and High-yield Technology Optimization

[目的]研究密肥控对通优粳1号产量的影响,优化高产栽培技术。[方法]研究采用D-饱和最优回归设计试验,研究了通优粳1号在不同基本苗、施N量和多效唑化控条件下的生育期、群体茎蘖动态、叶面积、干物质积累、植株性状、穗粒结构和产量变化,探明其高产技术农艺措施。[结果]密肥控三因素对产量影响程度从大到小依次为施N量、基本苗、多效唑施用量,增加基本苗和施N量有利于增加茎蘖和成穗密度,增加群体叶面积和干物质积累量。但基本苗和施N量过高,能降低成穗率和经济系数,延长生育期。适宜基本苗和施N量可协调茎蘖密度与成穗率之间的关系,保持灌浆期有较高的叶面积和干物质积累,提高产量。在基本苗为55.2×10~4个/hm^2、施N量为339.2 kg/hm^2、多效唑用量为97.9 g/hm^2时产量潜力最大,为12 606.0 kg/hm^2。[结论]产量>11 250 kg/hm^2的最佳农艺措施为基本苗52.6×10~4~60.1×10~4个/hm^2、施N量328.0~356.1 kg/hm^2、多效唑用量87.6~104.6 g/hm^2。

[Objective]To study the effect of density,fertilizer and chemical control on yield of japonica varieties Tongyoujing 1,and optimize the high-yield culture technique. [Method]Through the D-saturated optimum regression design tests,growth period,group tillers dynamics,leaf area,dry matter accumulation,plant traits,grain structure and yield of the japonica varieties Tongyoujing 1 was studied under the condition of different density,fertilizer levels and dosage of multi-effect azole to prove high-yield agricultural measures. [Result]The influence degree＇order of three factors： N application rate basic seedling multi-effect azole. Increase of basic seedlings and N fertilizer was beneficial to increase the seedlings number,panicles density,leaf area and dry matter accumulation. But the exceeded basic seedlings and N fertilizer were easy to reduce the earing rate and economic coefficient,to extend the growth period. The reasonable density-fertilizer combination can coordinate the relationship between the tillers density and earing rate,keep the leaf area and the dry matter accumulation higher in filling period,obtain higher yield. The maximum yield potential was 12 606. 0 kg/hm^2 when the basic seedlings was 55. 2 ×10^4 plants/hm^2,N application rate was 339. 2 kg/hm^2 and dosage of multi-effect azole was 97. 9 g/hm^2. The agricultural measures to obtain yield over 11 250 kg/hm^2 were that the basic seedlings was 52. 6 ×10^4 -60. 1 ×10^4 plants/hm^2,and N application rate was 328. 0-356. 1 kg/hm^2,and the dosage of multieffect azole was 87. 6-104. 6 g/hm^2.