三峡坝区林下复合种植白芨效果研究

Study on the Effect of Bletilla striata Compound Planting under Forest in Three Gorges Dam Area

[目的]研究白芨人工栽培效果,实现规模化、标准化种植,提高经济效益。[方法]对白芨在厚朴林下不同林分郁闭度、不同密度的复合种植与不同抚育措施经营效果开展对比试验。[结果]林分郁闭度在0.4~0.6的林下种植白芨,单位面积产量比郁闭度0.4以下、0.6以上的分别增长5.4%、6.8%;白芨种植密度为30 cm×30 cm的单位面积产量比种植密度20 cm×20 cm、25 cm×25 cm、35 cm×35 cm的分别增长16.1%、12.0%、13.1%;白芨在10—11月种植的单位面积产量比12月—次年1月、次年2—3月种植的分别增长5.6%、21.3%;白芨在栽培期间施用农家肥的单位面积产量比施用化肥、复合肥的分别增长31.7%、18.4%;种植白芨中耕除草4次/a的单位面积产量比1、2、3次/a中耕除草的分别增长240.1%、137.0%、43.9%。[结论]林下种植白芨,林分郁闭度为0.4~0.6时,出苗率高、生长势好、产量高;白芨于10—11月种植,种植密度以30 cm×30 cm效果最佳。同时白芨在栽培期间每年中耕除草4次,并结合施用农家肥,能促进白芨块茎发育和生长,大幅度提高白芨产量。

[Objective]The aim was to study the effect of the artificial cultivation of Bletilla striata,to achieve large-scale,standardized planting and improve economic efficiency. [Method] The comparison tests on Bletilla striata compound planting in different canopy densities of the Magnolia officinalis and managements in different tending measures were conducted. [Result]When the woods density was up to 0. 4-0. 6,the per unit yield grew by 5. 4%,6. 8% comparised with the woods density under 0. 4 and obove 0. 6. When the planting density was 30 cm × 30 cm,the per unit yield grew by 16. 1%,12. 0%,13. 1% respectively comparised with the planting density of 20 cm × 20 cm,25 cm × 25 cm,35 cm × 35 cm. The cultivation of Bletilla striata during the period from October to November,the per unit yield was 5. 6% higher than that from December to January of the following year,and 21. 3% higher than that from February to March of the second year. When farmyard manure was applied during the cultivation,the per unit yield was 31. 7% and 18. 4% higher than the application of chemical fertilizer and compound fertilizer. When weeding four times per year,the per unit yield grew by 240. 1%,137. 0% and 43. 9% respectively than one times,two times,three times per year. [Conclusion]When the woods density was up to 0. 4-0. 6,it satisfied appropriate shelters and the lighting conditions required for growth,which bring in high emergence rate,good growth potential and high yield. The cultivation of Bletilla striata during the period from October to November with the best planting density 30 cm × 30 cm can play the maximum benefit of individual plants,while weeding four times per year and combined with the use of farmyard manure can promote the development and growth of tuber,which greatly improve the yield of Bletilla striata.