乌兰布和沙漠东北部覆膜对杨树苗期土壤水热变化及成活率的影响

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Water and Heat Changes and Survival Rate of Poplar Seedlings in Northeast of Ulan Buh Desert

[目的]研究乌兰布和沙漠东北部防护林树种成活率的影响因素。[方法]在乌兰布和沙漠东北部采用覆膜造林措施,研究单侧覆膜、两侧覆膜和不覆膜(CK)对杨树苗期土壤含水率、土壤温度、成活率、保存率、生长指标的影响。[结果]不同覆膜方式土壤含水率均随着土层深度的增加呈上升趋势,土壤含水率从大到小依次为两侧覆膜、单侧覆膜、CK,浇水后15 d,在0~10、10~20、20~30、30~40、40~50、50~60 cm层两侧覆膜土壤含水率分别比CK提高43.6%、34.6%、32.9%、25.8%、18.0%、7.1%。土壤温度从大到小依次为两侧覆膜、单侧覆膜、CK,两侧覆膜在5、10、15、20 cm层分别比CK提高0.9、0.8、1.1、0.8℃。杨树成活率与保存率从大到小依次为两侧覆膜、单侧覆膜、CK,杨树胸径生长量从大到小依次为两侧覆膜、单侧覆膜、CK;新稍生长量从大到小依次为两侧覆膜、单侧覆膜、CK。[结论]在乌兰布和沙漠东北部地区,建议造林采用覆膜的措施。

[Objective]To study the influence factors of survival rate of protection forest tree species in the northeast of Ulan Buh Desert.[Method]Afforestation with plastic mulching in northeastern Ulan Buh Desert,the effect of single film covered,two sides covered with film,uncovered on the soil moisture content,soil temperature,survival rate,preserving rate,growth index. [Result]The results showed that the soil moisture content of different mulching methods showed an upward trend with the increase of soil depth,soil water content from large to small followed by two sides covered with film,single film covered,CK. After watering for 15 days,in the 0-10,10-20,20-30,30-40,40-50 and 50-60 cm soil layers,the soil moisture content of film mulching increased by 43. 6%,34. 6%,32. 9%,25. 8%,18. 0% and 7. 1%,respectively. Soil temperature from large to small followed by two sides covered with film,single film covered,CK. 5,10,15 and 20 cm soil layers on two sides covered with film were increased by 0. 9,0. 8,1. 1 and 0. 8 ℃,respectively. Survival rate and preserving rate from large to small followed by two sides covered with film,single film covered,CK. New shoot increment from large to small followed by two sides covered with film,single film covered,CK. [Conclusion]It was suggested that afforestation with plastic mulching can be considered to use in northeastern Ulan Buh Desert.