从帕里牦牛调查数据探讨西藏牦牛产业发展的现状

Discussion on Current Situation of Tibet Yak Industry Development by Survey Data from Pali Yak

本报告通过对帕里牦牛的主产区帕里镇的实地调查发现,帕里牦牛主产区帕里镇主要采用"牧主"式经营模式。调查的40户牧主,每户平均5.6口人,平均代牧6.55户,饲养牦牛125.1头。年出售牦牛3.04头(除自食部分),商品牛出栏率15.93%,户均净收入为2.74万元(人均年收入为0.5944元),是外出季节性打工收入(3 680元)的7.4倍和采挖虫草的(8 000元)的3.42倍,可以看出,牦牛养殖是当地牧民的主要经济收入来源。但是目前牛群的生产力低下,在公母比例为1∶2.16情况下,年平均繁殖率仅为28.52%,8岁以上牦牛头数占总养殖头数的41.51%,年死亡率达8.4%左右。在出栏的937头中,母牛出栏239头,占出栏总数的25.07%。综合分析,加快转变生产方式、培育新型牧民、适度控制养殖规模、建立适合产业化经营与发展的牦牛产业链环节,是牦牛产业真正发展的突破口。

Field survey on Pall yak in major producing area shows that the ＂herdowner＂ of business model is mainly adopted in Pali town. In the forty herder family investigated, every family has 5. 6 persons, replace 6. 55 families to graze and raise 125. 1 yaks on average. Annual yaks on the market are 3. 04 heads , except for their own food. The marketing rate of yaks is 15. 93%. The net income is RMB 27, 400 yuan per family or RMB 5944 yuan per person, which is 7. 4 times higher than those seasonal labor income （ RMB 3680） and 3. 42 times higher than those gathering Chinese caterpillar fungus （ RMB 8000）. It can be seen that yak cultivation is the main income source of local herders. The current production performance of local yak population is poor. Annual breeding rate is only 28. 52% when male parent ratio is 1： 2. 16. Yaks over 8 -year- old are 41. 51% of total yak population and annual mortality is about 8. 4%. There are 937 yaks on the market, which include 239 cows and account to 25. 07%. In short, it is the real breakthrough for yak industry to accelerate the transformation of production mode, cultivate new type of herders, control appropriately herd size and establish yak industry chain which is suitable for industrialized operation and development.