西安周至胡家堡关帝庙壁画颜料分析研究

The Analysis and Study on the Pigments of the Murals of the Guandi Temple at Hujiapu in Zhouzhi,Xi'an

本文通过粉末偏光显微和便携式X射线荧光光谱分析方法,对西安周至胡家堡关帝庙壁画的颜料进行科学分析。结果表明,关帝庙壁画颜料包括天然无机颜料和人工合成颜料共10种。其中红色为朱砂、铅丹和铁红;黄色为铁黄;黑色为炭黑;蓝色为人造群青、有机蓝和钴蓝;绿色为人造氯铜矿和巴黎绿。推测光绪七年建献殿时绘制献殿壁画,同时重绘正殿壁画。壁画中的关公形象为典型关公造型,具有戏曲化特点。蓝色颜料的使用应为突显特征服饰和兵器,也与人造群青的大量使用有关。关帝庙壁画颜料分析结果为壁画保护修复提供科学依据,并为丰富关中地区清代壁画颜料研究提供补充资料。

By powdered sample polarized light microscopy and portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry methods, this paper makes scientific analysis to the pigments of the murals in the Guandi Temple at Hujiapu in Zhouzhi County. The results showed that the murals of the Hujiapu Guandi Temple used 10 kinds of pigments including natural and artificial ones. The red ones were cinnabar, minium （lead oxide） and hematite; yellow one was iron yellow; black one was carbon black; blue ones were artificial ultramarine, organic blue and cobalt blue; green ones were artificial atacamite and Paris Green （copper acetoarsenit）. It is estimated that the murals in the offering hall were painted in the seventh year of Guangxu Era （1881） when the offering hall was built, and the murals of the main hall were repainted at the same time. The Duke Guan in the mural was painted as the typical form of Duke Guan with features of the roles in the dramas. The using of blue pigments should be for highlighting the costumes and weapons, and also related to the large amount using of artificial ultramarine. The analysis results of the mural pigments of the Guandi Temple provided scientific bases for the conservation and restoration of the murals and supplementary data for enriching the studies on the mural pigments of the Qing Dynasty in the Guanzhong region.