保山市植烟区土壤面源污染源分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation on Non-point Source Pollution in Tobacco-planting Area of Baoshan City

对保山市各植烟烟区施肥、农药、农膜及农作物秸秆处理情况进行调查分析。结果表明,2010—2015年全市植烟土壤烤烟肥料的施用总量随着种植面积的增大而增加;烟区农药用量年均约为359.80 t;年均农作物秸秆量20万t左右,秸秆还田及燃料利用率仅为55.50%;年均农膜用量约2 391.14 t,土壤中残膜率约达10.68%。从调查分析结果来看,肥料和农药施用结构不合理、农作物秸秆利用率较低,这些是植烟土壤面源污染源的主要因子,应采取有效措施加以防治。

The application statuses of fertilization, pesticide, agricultural films and straws treatment were investigated and analyzed in typical tobacco-planting area of Baoshan City.The results showed that the total fertilization amount of flue-cured tobacco increased with the increasing of tobacco planting area from 2010 to 2015.The annual pesticide consumption was increasing,averaging about 359.80 t annually on average.The annual output of crop straw amounted to 200 000 t ,the proportion of straw returning and utilization as fuel was 55.50%.The annual amount of agricultural films was 2 391.14 t,and the residual rate was 10.68%.It was concluded that the main factors caused the non-point source pollution in tobacco-planting area were unreasonable structure of fertilization and pesticide, low utilization efficiency of agricultural straw, etc. Thus, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control the pollution.