输油管道环境敏感地区线路阀室设置研究

Research on the Configuration of Oil Pipeline Valve Room at Environment-Sensitive Areas

近年来,随着国家社会经济的发展,输油管道路由不可避免地将通过一些环境敏感地区,这些区域一旦发生管道泄漏,后果不堪设想。对比分析了国内外各油气管道规范对于环境敏感地区线路截断阀室设置的相关规定,提出环境敏感地区线路截断阀室的设置可参考北美油气行业的通用做法,即除应满足一般设置原则外,还应满足在管道失效工况下原油的最大泄漏量不应大于20 000 bbl(折合3 180 m^3)。因此,环境敏感地区线路阀室位置设计应进行不同方案泄漏计算及泄漏评估研究,进而在此基础上论述了管道泄漏过程,且提出了相应的稳态泄漏计算算法,最后举例说明了泄漏评估对环境敏感地区输油管道阀室设置的重要性。

In recent years, with the development of national socio-economy, oil pipeline routing will inevitably pass through some environmentally sensitive areas.The consequences would be disastrous in the case of pipeline leakage in these areas.This paper analyzes the domestic and foreign oil and gas pipeline regulations for the block valve room in environment-sensitive areas, proposes that the block valve room in environment-sensitive areas can be set with reference to the common practice in North American oil and gas industry.That is, in addition to general principles, the maximum leakage of crude oil in piping failure conditions should not be greater than 20 000 bbl（equivalent to 3 180 m3）.Therefore, the design of the valve room in the environment-sensitive area should be carried out upon the calculation of different schemes and the leakage assessment.Based on this, the pipeline leakage process is discussed and the corresponding steady-state leakage calculation algorithm is put forward.Finally, the importance of setting up valve room of oil pipeline in environment sensitive area is illustrated.