个人信息权独立性再探讨——以《民法总则》的颁布为背景

Further Discussion on the Independence of Personal Information Right:On the Background of Enactment of “General Provisions of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China”

2017年3月15日,《民法总则》正式颁布,第111条关于个人信息保护的规定成为一大亮点,但从表述上看并未承认独立的个人信息权。因此,有必要在学理上对个人信息权的独立性继续进行深入探讨。从中美两国历史和比较的角度来考察,个人信息权的客体在范围上远大于隐私权,个人信息权在内涵上强调主体对其个人信息所享有的积极控制权,也不同于作为消极防御权的隐私权。从权利性质上看,个人信息不仅体现着主体的人格利益,还承载着一定的财产利益,这种双重利益的存在令个人信息权宜从隐私权乃至人格权制度中独立出来,成为一项兼具人格权与财产权性质的新型权利。

On March 15 2017,＂General Provisions of the Civil Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂was enacted officially. Article 111 concerning about the personal information protection becomes one of the highlights. But considering the expression of Article 111,it is obvious that the law does not recognize an independent right of personal information. Therefore,it is necessary to have a further discussion on the independence of personal information right. From the historic and comparative study view of China and the United States,the scope of personal information is larger than privacy. The right of personal information emphasizes the positive control of subject on his personal information,while the right of privacy is mainly characterized by the passive defense excluding the interference from others. As to the nature of the right,personal information not only embodies the subject＇s personal interests,but also carries his certain property interests; therefore,the double interests decide that the right of personal information should be separated from the right of privacy and even the right of personality,and becomes a new type of right having the nature of personality right and property right.