理性与道德:协调的视角

Ration and Morality: the Perspective of Coordination

米塞斯的理性概念是对人的最一般意义的假设,同时也包含了"人具有共同的心智结构"这一认识。根据这种理性观,道德指的是遵循有助于协调的规则,而且也只有这样的规则才是正当的。安·兰德所强调的理性是对人提出的一种要求,其中主要是"思考",据此,不运用自己的理性就是不道德的,也即道德是一个与理性本身有关的问题,但安·兰德的理性概念也包含了自然法的思想,否则她无法说明社会为什么会存在,或不同的行为为什么能够实现协调。在这一理论框架中讨论利己与利他问题,利他主义与不顾正当规则的利己会破坏社会的协调,因此两者都是不可取的。

Ludwig Von Mises’s concept of ration is the most general assumption of the people,which includes the idea that people have the common mental structure. According this view of ration,moral refers to the following of the rules that help to promote coordination,and only this kind of rules can be justified. The ration that Ayn Rand emphasizes is the demands of the people,the chief among which is thinking,in terms of this point of view,those who don’t apply their ration are immoral,which means moral is matter of ration itself. But Ayn Rand’s concept of ration also includes the ideas of natural law,otherwise she couldn’t illustrate why the society is coming into being or why different actions could be coordinated. The problems of self-interested and altruistic are discussed in this theoretical framework,and the article argues that altruism and the self-interested that disregard justified rules will destroy social coordination,so both of them are inadvisable.