美国进步主义视角下的1917年俄国革命

Understanding of 1917 Russian Revolution from the Perspective of American Progressivism

在第一次世界大战前夕和战争期间,进步主义思想早已在美国得到发展,主要以拥护威尔逊总统内政方针的资产阶级改良主义者、右翼社会党人以及持更具批评性意见的左翼自由主义者为代表。在1917年俄国革命爆发后,进步主义各方代表们各持己见,表现出不同反应,这不仅在美国引发了对俄国革命的排斥,同时也激起了他们对俄国激进主义的必然性、有效性进行合理化理解的尝试,从而导致威尔逊政府在对俄政策的制定上发生了混乱局面,也对美国社会如何看待俄国革命的问题上产生了深远影响。

Before and during the First World War,progressivism has been developing in the United States with the bourgeois reformists who supported President Wilson on domestic policies,right wing socialists and left wing liberalists who held more critical opinions being the representatives. After the 1917 Russian Revolution broke out,all representatives of progressivism held their own opinions and responded differently,which has not only triggered a rejection in the United States towards Russian Revolution but also an attempt to rationalize the necessity and effectiveness of Russian radicalism,and resulted in the confusion of the Wilson administration＇s policies towards Russia and had a deep impact on how American society looked upon Russian Revolution.