宋《天圣令》“因其旧文,参以新制定之”再探

A Discussion on the Principle of Establishing New Systems according to Old Ones in Tiansheng Statutes( 天圣令) in Song Dynasty

宋《天圣令》沿用唐令旧文,参修新制,对不适用的部分作修正。宋修改唐令方式大体可分为两种:其一,更改旧令,参补新制,立法者考虑到令文涉及的制度的完整性,对唐旧文作必要修改,根据编敕中规定的新制适当地参修入《天圣令》,编敕中仍然保留着这些新规;其二,保留旧文,只删不补。对于某条宋代仍在行用的唐令,即使新制承续补充了其所涉及的制度,如果《天圣编敕》已收载新制,基于编敕优先的原则,《天圣令》不再作具体补充。这一参修新制的原则与宋代法典体系中敕、令、格、式的职能性分工有着密切关联。参修新制,必因唐令旧文,需要唐令中有相应的可以接续的具体条款,否则不会被修入。《天圣令》在沿用唐代法典修纂方式基础上作了一些更改,尚不能完全摆脱唐代的影响。

Tiansheng Statutes（ 天圣令） of Song Dynasty established new systems according to the old decree of Tang Dynasty and amended the inapplicable parts. There are two kinds of ways for Song to modify the decrees of Tang,one of which is to change the old system and supplement new ones. The lawmakers made necessary modification of the decrees of Tang and established new ones in view of the integrity of the whole system; the other one is to retain the old decrees and deleted some inapplicable parts. The above principles relates closely to the functional division of labor of Chi（ 敕）,Li（ 令）,Ge（ 格） and Shi（ 式） in the code system of Song. Tiansheng Statutes can＇t completely get rid of the influence of Tang,only making some changes on the basis of the method of Tang＇s codification.