辽夏封贡关系探析

A Study of the Tributary Relationship between Liao Dynasty and Western Xia

辽夏封贡关系开始于公元986年李继迁附辽并接受辽朝册封,一直持续到辽朝灭亡。辽夏封贡体制受到辽、宋、夏三极政治格局的强烈影响,以"澶渊之盟"为转折点,可分前后两个发展阶段。第一个阶段辽朝奉行"联夏抗宋"方针,是辽夏封贡关系建立和发展的时期;第二个阶段因辽宋夏三国政治格局发生重大变化,辽夏封贡关系由发展走向破坏、最后又恢复。在辽夏封贡体系之下,两国保持着册封、进贡、朝贺、吊祭等朝贡活动往来,并且在军事、政治方面有密切互动和联系。在辽朝的朝贡体系中,西夏属于辽朝的"外圈"朝贡体系。

The tributary relationship between Liao Dynasty and Western Xia began in 986 when Lijiqian（ 李继迁） accepted the title of Liao Dynasty,and lasted until the end of Liao Dynasty. This system was influenced by the political pattern of Liao,Song and Western Xia. It can be divided into two stages with ＂Chanyuan Alliance＂（ 澶渊之盟） being the turning point. During the first stage Liao Dynasty pursued a policy of ＂uniting Xia and resisting Song＂,thus established and developed the tributary system. During the second stage the political situation of Liao,Song and Xia changed significantly,and the tributary system had been destroyed but finally restored. Under this system,Liao and Xia kept communications including conferring titles,paying tribute,royal congratulation and offering libation etc. They had close interactions in military and political affairs. In the tributary system of Liao Dynasty,Western Xia belonged to the ＂outer circle＂.