作为亚里士多德阐释者的马克思

Marx: Lecteur d'Aristote

马克思对于古希腊思想资源的借鉴一直是一个较少深入的主题,本文旨在从历史文献及逻辑线索两个方面,展示亚里士多德的思想是如何根本性地影响着马克思对他同时代哲学及历史现实的思考的。马克思作为卓绝的哲学家,从本质上把握了亚里士多德在主体/谓词、经济学/致富术之间建立的概念框架,并将之用于对黑格尔的法哲学及其后的商品、货币的本质问题的分析。因此,我们也更能深刻地理解马克思唯物主义的维度绝不是一种简单的还原论或者演进说,而是从亚里士多德处继承而来的、作为破解黑格尔体系哲学的思辨理论。

The adaption of ancient Greek philosophy and its influence to the works of Karl Marx are hardly profoundly treated.This article provides two aspects(both the logical and historical ones)in order to outline how Aristotle essentially inspired Marx in meditating on his contemporary philosophy and historical reality.As a great philosopher,Marx seized the spirit of Aristotle and applied his conceptual shema(Subject/Predicat and Economic/Chrematistic)properly both to his analysis of Hegel's philosophy of right and on his studies of monetary,merchandise,and marketing as exchanges.Hence we can understand the materialism of Marx:far from being a reductionism or a simple evolutional theory,Marx inherited from the dialectical spirit of Aristotle,and reformed it as a solution to the problematic system of Hegel.