美国早期教育领域儿童真实性评价探析

Analysis on Children's Authentic Assessment in the Field of American Early Childhood Education

美国早期教育领域儿童真实性评价兴起于20世纪末,此后经历了一番发展并逐渐得到了广泛运用。美国早期教育领域儿童真实性评价的基本特征有:在性质上强调真实的情境和真实的表现;在功能上强调发现儿童各领域发展最好的表现,并持续促进儿童向学习标准的进步;在实施上强调收集儿童真实表现的评价方法和策略的运用。此外,美国早期教育领域儿童真实性评价存在三个问题:真实性评价模式对评价与课程关系的认识不统一;实践操作不明确;质量难以保证。尽管如此,该评价模式对我国幼儿发展评价工作仍具有重要的启示。

Children＇s authentic assessment in the field of American early childhood education springed up at the end of last century. It was proposed based on the influence of American students＇ authentic assessment reform and the criticism of standardized test in early childhood education. Since then, the authentic assessment has been used widely in the field of American early childhood education and in-depth exploration. American children＇s authentic assessment emphasizes authentic context and performance in nature, discovery of children＇s best performance and promotion children＇s development continually toward learning standards on the function, and the usage of assessment methods and strategies to collect children＇s authentic performances in practice. Nevertheless, children＇s authentic assessment in the field of American early childhood has some problems. The idea and practice of American authentic assessment of children provide enlightenment for assessment of children＇s development in China.