骑马与骑驴——宋代词人的审美选择与文体认知

The Aesthetic Choice and Style Cognition of Ci-Poets in Song Dynasty

骑马还是骑驴不单是一个骑什么工具的问题,它还反映了一定的文化审美心理或者文体观念:翻开《全宋词》会发现大量词人骑马或写马的意象,而"驴"则很少抒写;而去查看宋人史料笔记或《全宋诗》,又会发现宋人日常生活是骑驴的,诗中也不避讳写驴。其中原因就在于骑驴所附着的文化背景,即诗人骑驴苦吟和落拓的身世,这两点与宋词即席而就的创作环境和以富为美的审美感受是格格不入的,而宋诗则延续了下来;还有就是宋词的"尚雅"观念也与驴所代表的气质不相符。因此在诗词的抒写中写骑驴还是骑马是体现了作者的审美选择和文体观念的。

Riding a horse or a donkey is not only a problem of the tool of ride. It also reflects a certain cultural aesthetic psychology or style concept. There are many images of a horse in Collections of Ci in Song Dynasty, while the image of donkey is very rave, but we can find many images of donkey in Collections of Poetry in Song Dynasty, and ci-poets in Song Dynasty often ride a donkey in the daily life. The reason is that the cultural background attached to the donkey i.e. poets： Laboriously Versifying and their abjection. These two points are different from the creation of Song ei, which requires rapid completion and rich aesthetices. And the inclination of elegance is also different from the temperament of the donkey. So, the writing of riding a horse or a donkey reflects the author＇s aesthetic choice and the concept of style.