论叙述声音

On the Narrative Voice

把叙事中的某些表达称为叙述声音,其实是一种譬喻,因为它们像是发自有自我意识的主体。通过辨识文本中或隐或显的迹象,可以发现叙述声音存在的踪影。人类对声音的倾听可分为因果倾听、语义倾听和还原倾听,它们分别聚焦于声音发生的原因、声音传递的意义以及无关原因和意义的声音本身,这三种模式同样可以用来倾听叙述声音。在叙事学发展过程中,叙述声音一直是理论家关注的焦点。迄今为止学界有四种与叙述声音有关的观点值得注意:一是叙述声音即作者的声音,二是叙述声音即叙述者的声音,三是叙述声音即文本中的所有声音,四是叙述声音即修辞手段。

It is actually a kind of metaphor to call some expressions in narrative as narrative voice,because they seem to come from a subject possessing self-consciousness. The existence of narrative voice can be found by identifying implicit or explicit signs in text. Human listening to voices can be divided into causal listening,semantic listening and reduced listening,which focus respectively on the generation of voice,the significance of voice transmission,and the voice itself irrelevant to generation and significance. The three modes can also be used to listen to the narrative voice. During the development of Narratology,the narrative voice has been the focus of theorists all the time. So far,four kinds of views associated with narrative voice are notable： the narrative voice is that of the author and that of the narrator,and that which refers to all the voices in the text,and that which is a kind of rhetoric device.