为什么要承认他人的权利?——费希特和黑格尔对康德的发展

Why Should We Recognize the Rights of Others?——Fichte and Hegel's Development of Kant

康德是否探讨了承认的问题,是一个有争议的问题。实质上,康德已经提出承认的基本原则。他把对他人的承认与对自身自由的认同联系起来,自由的存在者必然会承认他人的权利,侵犯他人的权利,就否认了自身自由,承认他人的权利意味着承认自己的自由的本性。费希特和黑格尔继承康德的基本原则,分别从逻辑的角度和辩证法的角度加深了对这个问题的研究。在费希特看来,承认他人的权利是形成确定自我意识的先验条件。在黑格尔看来,对他者的承认必须经过生死斗争,意识到单方面的承认是不充分的,只有相互的承认才是完善的,这种承认只有在伦理共同体中才可以实现。这样的讨论启示我们,试图支配他人并不能真正实现自身的自由,承认他人的自由和权利,才能实现自身的自由。

Whether Kant explores the recognition of the problem, is a controversial issue. In fact, Kant has put forward the basic principle of recognition. He links the recognition of others to their own free- dom, the existence of freedom is bound to recognize the rights of others. Infringed upon the rights of oth- ers, they deny their own freedom. Fichte and Hegel inherit the basic principles of Kant, respectively from the angle of logic and dialectics deeply study of this problem. In Fichte＇ s view, the recognition of the rights of others is a priori conditions of the self consciousness. In Hegel＇ s view, the other must acknowl- edge after the battle of life and death, unilateral recognition is not sufficient, only mutual recognition is perfect, and that only in the ethical community can be realized. Such a discussion tell me, who attempt to dominate othersdid not realize their own freedom, but only through recognition of the rights and freedom of others we can achieve own freedom