中国住房公积金制度评估与反思:基于住房支付能力视角

Evaluation and Reflection on Chinese Housing Provident Fund(HPF) System: Based on the Perspective of Housing Affordability

以住房支付能力为视角,考察住房公积金的制度结构与政策参量,并对制度进行理性评估与反思。研究选取五个典型城市社平工资缴存家庭为计算对象,分析数据显示,相对较低的缴存比例、较低的住房公积金贷款额度、相对较高的贷款利率,使得即使受到制度覆盖,家庭仍然存在较差的支付能力,政策逆向再分配效果依旧显著。政策反思和评估认为,中国住房公积金制度学习新加坡经验,是一种不完全的政策转移。中国住房市场结构决定了新加坡中央公积金制度强支付能力的不可复制性,同时在政策转移过程中没有充分考量两个国家不同的经济、社会、政治等制度背景与理念。提出通过限高助低提高中低收入家庭住房公积金的可及性、建立政策性住房金融机构等改革建议。

Based on the perspective of housing affordability, the paper investigates the system structure and the policy parameters of HPF, and makes rational evaluation and reflection on it. The research selected families with social average wages from five typical city and make analysis, the data shows that relatively low contribution rate, low loan amount and relatively high lending rates, make families still face poor ability to pay even covered by HPF system. Policy is still clearly shows the reverse redistribution effect. The paper believes that Chinese Housing Provident Fund system learned experience from Singapore, which is a kind of incomplete policy transfer. China housing market structure determines that the Singapore central provident fund system cannot be replicated, and the process of policy transfer has not fully consider the difference be- tween the two countries including economic, social and political background and national philosophy. In the end , the paper put forward some reform proposals including the improvement of the accessibility of low - income family by limiting the high HPF accumulation and increasing the low HPF accumulation, and es- tablishing national housing finance institution as well.