在自然与文明之间:论霍布斯对“利维坦”的建构

Between Nature and Civilization: Discussing Hobbes' Construction of“Leviathan”

自然与文明是人类存在的两种方式。在霍布斯的政治思想中,自然状态充满危机,人类的理性呼唤着政治文明,因此在自然与文明之间,霍布斯选择了后者,建构了一个具有至上君权的强大国家"利维坦"。霍布斯对"利维坦"的建构是出于对自然状态的恐惧和对现实政治的不满。他以社会契约作为建构方式,赋予主权者至高无上的专制权力来维护政治文明的稳定,由此完成了对"利维坦"的建构。按照原因、过程方式以及结果的逻辑进路能够完整地剖析霍布斯对"利维坦"的建构并对此作出客观的评价,丰富对霍布斯政治思想的研究成果。

Nature and civilization are two way s of human existence. In Hobbes＇ political thought,the natural state is full of crisis,and human reason calls for political civilization. So between nature and civilization,Hobbes chose the latter and constructed a powerful country named ＂ Leviathan ＂ with supremacy. Hobbes ＇construction of ＂ Leviathan ＂is due to the fear to nature and dissatisfaction with real politics. He used the social contract as a way of construction,giving the autocratic sovereign supreme power to maintain the stability of political civilization,thus completing the construction of＂Leviathan＂. According to the logic way of reason,process and result,Hobbes＇ construction on＂Leviathan＂can be analyzed completely and evaluated objectively,enriching the study of Hobbes＇ political thought.