1Martin S, Angst MD, J David Clark, et al. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: a qualitative systematic review. Anesthesiology, 2006,104(3) : 570-587.
2Joly V, Richebe P, Guignard B, et al. Remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia and its prevention with small-dose keta mine. Anesthesiology, 2005,103(1) : 147-155.
3Guo W, Wei F, Zou S,et al. Intraoperative infusion of dexme- detomidine reduces perioperative analgesic requirements. Can J Anaesth, 63 (2006) 646-652.
4Belgrade M, Hall S. Dexmedetomidine infusionfor the man- agement of opioid induced hyperalgesia. Pain Med, 2010, 11(12)1819 1826.
5Guntz E, Dumont H,Roussel C, et al. Effects of remifentanil on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor: an electrophysiologic study in rat spinal cord. Anesthesiology, 2005,102(6)= 1235-1241.
6Guo W, Zou S, Guan Y, et al. Tyrosine phosp-horylation of the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor in the spinal cord during the development and maintenance of inflammatory hyperalge sia. J Neurosci,2002,22(14) =6208 6217.
7Zhenga Y, Cuib S, [.iu Y. Dexmedetomidine prevents remifen- tanil induced postoperative hyperalgesia and decreases spinal tyrosine phoepho-orylation of 2B subunit. Brain Research. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor Bulletin, 2012, 87 ( 4-5 ): 427-431.
8Moaddel R,Venkata SLV,Tanga MJ,et al.A parallel chiral-achiral liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the stereoisomers of ketamine and ketamine metabolites in the plasma and urine of patients with complex regional pain syndrome[J].Talanta,2010,82(5):1892-1904.
9Rago R,Forfori F,Materazzi G,et al.Evaluation of a preoperative pain score in response to pressure as a marker of postoperative pain and drugs consumption in surgical thyroidectomy[J].The clinical journal of pain,2012,28(5):382-386.
10Azari P,Lindsay DR,Briones D,et al.Efficacy and safety of ketamine in patients with complex regional pain syndrome:A systematic review[J].CNS drugs,2012,26(3):215-228.