基于企业视角的中国集装箱运输组织网络

Organization network of Chinese container transportation from the perspective of enterprises

货物运输集装箱化在全球资源要素配置和区域经济发展中的作用愈发突出,集装箱运输组织网络研究已成为交通地理学的重要课题。本文基于微观企业视角,选取112家企业和119座城市作为研究样本,借鉴城市网络研究方法和复杂网络理论,探讨了中国集装箱运输组织网络的等级体系、空间格局、网络联系和复杂性特征。研究结果表明:网络节点城市的集装箱运输组织能力差距明显,已形成由全国性、区域性、次区域性和地方性枢纽城市四个层级所构成的金字塔型等级结构;集装箱运输组织能力在空间分布上表现出显著的非均衡性特征,形成由6个核心区和7个集聚区所构成的"6+7"空间格局;网络联系以全国性和区域性枢纽城市为主要空间指向,联系网络总体呈现从东部沿海向中西部地区、从全国性枢纽城市向地方性枢纽城市逐渐拓展趋势;同时,整体网络结构表现出较强的集聚性、连通性和空间组织效率,且复杂网络特征与节点城市集装箱运输组织能力具有显著相关性。

Containerization,which is an important technical innovation in global freight system,has a profound and lasting impact on global trade,regional development,and freight spatial organization.At present,container transportation has become an important carrier of global production factors and commodity flows.Thus,research on the organization network of container transportation has attracted considerable attention from researchers.Literature relevant to this area also continues to grow.In this study,we selected 112 typical container shipping lines and freight forwarders,which are the main organizers of the inter-regional flows of container cargo around the world in the context of market economy.A total of 119 cities,where these shipping lines and freight forwarders are located,are taken as study objects.The hierarchical structure,spatial pattern,network connection,and complexity features of China＇s container transportation organization network are analyzed based on the theory and research method concerning urban network and complex network.Our study revealed that：（1） Gaps exist in the organizational ability of container transportation in each node-city in China＇s organization network for container transportation.This network can be divided into four types,namely,national hub city,regional hub city,sub-regional hub city,and local hub city.This network is characterised by a typical pyramidal hierarchical structure.（2） The spatial distribution of the organizational ability of container transportation in China is significantly imbalanced.Significant zonal differences and agglomeration can be observed in the Bohai Rim,the Yangtze River Delta,the south-eastern coastal areas,and the Pearl River Delta.In terms of spatial distribution,the ＂6＋7＂ spatial structure system,which is composed of six core areas and seven agglomeration areas of the organizational ability,presents the current structure of organization network of container transportation.（3） The linkages between the national hub cities and the regional hub cities are close and extensive,which constitutes the basic framework of linkages network and the main direction of linkages among node-cities.The density of the network linkages in the eastern region is significantly higher than that of the central and western regions.By contrast,network linkages generally tend to expand from the eastern coast area to the central and western regions and from the national hub cities to the local hub cities.（4） The results of complex network analysis show that China＇s container transportation organization network has strong spatial concentration,connectivity,and spatial organization efficiency.Furthermore,we found that a significant correlation exists between the complexity of the network structure and the container transportation organizational ability of a node city.