侵犯公民个人信息罪的司法困境探究

Judicial Dilemma of Infringement of Citizen's Personal Information

《刑法修正案(九)》之后,侵犯公民个人信息罪做了较大的修改:犯罪主体由特殊主体扩大至一般主体,量刑相应地进行了提升。但是目前该罪在司法实践中仍然存在许多困境:公民个人信息范围的不确定,情节严重缺乏明确标准以及罪名适用等众多问题。从相关裁判文书中看,各地对该罪的做法不一,最终导致同案不同判的不公正后果。但公民个人信息是具有双重属性的,一方面它是个人隐私权等民主、财产权利的载体,但是另一方面它又涉及国家或者社会的公共利益的载体。一方面是公民自身的权利,不得被他人非法获取、出售或者泄露,但是这种权利在与公共利益之下又受到一定的限制,这是秩序与原则的权衡。故对于侵犯公民个人信息犯罪,我国无论是立法还是司法,无论是理论还是实践,还有很多困境,需要寻找出路。

Criminal Law Amendment （IX）, the crime of infringement of citizens＇ personal information made larger modify ： crime by special subject to general subject, sentencing corresponding ascension. But for now many difficul- ties exist in judicial practice ： the uncertainty of the scope of citizens＇ personal information, if the circumstances are serious lack of clear standards and many problems such as charges apply. Judging from the relevant referees＇ docu- ments, there is a variety of different approaches to the crime, which ultimately leads to the unfair consequences of the same case. But citizens＇ personal information is dual attribute, on the one hand, it is a personal privacy, such as the carrier of democracy, property rights, but on the other hand, it involves the country or the carrier of social public interests. On the one hand, is a citizen＇s own rights, shall not be illegally obtained others, sold or leaked, but under this kind of rights with the public interest and is limited by a certain, this is the principle of order and trade-offs. Therefore, in the case of the violation of the citizen＇s personal information crime, whether it be the law or the judicial, whether it is the theory or the practice, still it has many difficulties before finding the way out.