原料灭菌处理对刺参饲料发酵效果的影响及发酵饲料在幼参保苗期的规模化应用效果评价

The influences of feedstuff sterilization on fermentation and application effect of fermented feed for juvenile sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) in large scale

为研究消毒灭菌处理对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)饲料发酵效果的影响及评价发酵饲料在幼参保苗期的应用效果,本研究首先采用65℃湿热灭菌30 min的方式对饲料原料进行灭菌处理,以酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)为发酵菌种进行发酵。分别测定灭菌后发酵饲料(A)、灭菌后未发酵饲料(B)、未灭菌发酵饲料(C)和未灭菌未发酵饲料(D)4个不同处理组制备的刺参饲料的发酵菌比例、干物质回收率、粗蛋白含量、感官分值等指标,确定发酵饲料的制备工艺;在此基础上,开展了规模化养殖过程中发酵饲料对幼参生长和生理的影响研究。结果显示,饲料原料是否进行灭菌处理对发酵饲料中发酵菌比例、干物质回收率、粗蛋白含量、感官分值等无显著影响(P>0.05),但发酵处理对饲料的干物质回收率、粗蛋白含量、感官分值影响显著(P<0.05)。进而确定刺参发酵饲料的制备工艺为原材料不需要灭菌处理。分别投喂发酵饲料和未发酵饲料的刺参生长及生理检测结果表明,发酵饲料组的稚参增重率[(26.14±0.18)%]和特定生长率[(2.11±0.04)%/d]均显著高于投喂未发酵饲料的[分别为(25.40±0.18)%和(2.03±0.04)%/d](P<0.05),其生理状态也优于投喂未发酵饲料组。由此可见,在本试验的半密闭发酵条件下,饲料原料进行消毒灭菌处理后对发酵效果的影响不明显;在幼参保苗期将饲料进行适当的发酵有利于刺参的健康、快速生长。相关研究结果将为刺参健康养殖及发酵饲料的规模化生产与应用提供理论支持。

The influences of feedstuff sterilization on fermentation and the feeding effect of fermented feed for juvenile Apostichopus japonicus were studied in this paper. Firstly, feedstuff was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae after being sterilized through moist heat at 65 ℃ for 30 rain, which was divided into four groups：A （fermented feed with sterilized feedstuff）, B （unfermented feed with sterilized feedstuff）, C （fermented feed with unsterilized feedstuff） and D （unfermented feed with unsterilized feedstuff）. The fermentation strain percentage, dry matter recovery, the content of crude protein and sensorial characteristics （color, smell and viscosity） were tested in order to establish technology of fermented feed. Then the effects of fermented feed on growth and physiology of large scale culturing juvenile A. japonicus were evaluated, Results showed that there were no significant effects on fermentation strain percentage, dry matter recovery, the content of crude protein and sensorial characteristics between group A and group C （P〉0.05）. However, the fermenting treatment has significant effect on dry matter recovery, the content of crude protein and sensorial characteristics （P〈0.05）. Therefore, it is not necessary for feedstuff to sterilize treatment in fermented feed preparation for juvenile A. japonicus. Additionally, testing results of growth suggested that weight gain rate [（26.14±0.18）%] and special growth rate [（2.11±0.04）%/d] of juvenile A. japonicus fed with fermented feed were all significantly higher than those [（25.40±0.18）% and （2.03±0.04）%/d, respectively] fed with unfermented feed （P〈0.05）. Meanwhile, the physiology indexes of juvenile A, japonieus fed with fermented feed were better than those fed with unfermented feed. Thus, it was concluded that the superiority of sterilization for feedstuff was not obvious under the semi-closed fermentation condition in this test. Moreover, the fermented feed could promote the healthy and growth in the seeding of juvenile A. japonicus. This study will provide theoretical support for healthy culture of sea cucumber, production and application of fermemed feed in large scale.