一起由饮用水污染引起的诺如病毒感染性腹泻暴发疫情调查

With infectious diarrhea caused by water pollution,Norovirus outbreak investigation

目的调查了解诺如病毒引起的感染性腹泻暴发疫情的流行病学特点及传播途径,为制定预防控制对策提供依据。方法采用流行病学现场调查和统计分析方法、轮状病毒抗原检测、诺如病毒荧光PCR检测以及细菌分离培养常规方法。结果共发病69例,均为学生,罹患率为2.55%,治疗后均痊愈。发病集中在5月4~6日之间;分布在不同班级;男生45例、女生24例;年龄集中在15~17岁之间;主要临床表现为腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、发热等症状,症状较轻,病程多为2~3 d,有一定自限性,血常规多正常,大便常规均无异常;肛拭子标本中诺如病毒PCR核酸检测阳性。结论经调查确定本次疫情为一起雨水渗入自备水井,自备水井经管网混入自来水供水管网,部分学生饮用未被烧开的生水所致的诺如病毒感染性腹泻暴发疫情。做好学校饮用水水源防护和管网改造维护,定期进行饮用水水质检测,学校供应充足的开水,加强健康教育,指导学生养成良好的个人卫生习惯,对预防和避免此类事件的发生相当重要。

Objective To investigate,Norovirus causes the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diarrhea outbreak and route of transmission,and to provide evidence for prevention and control countermeasures. Methods Epidemiological field survey and statistical analysis method,and rotavirus antigen detection,Norovirus RNA detection cultivation and the bacteria in the conventional method. Results The results of this outbreak,a total of 69 people,all for the students,develop at a rate of 2. 55%,all cured. Disease on May 4 to 6,distribution in different classes,45 boys and 24 girls,between age concentrated in the 15 ~ 17,mainly characterized by abdominal pain,diarrhea,nausea,vomiting,fever and other symptoms,clinical manifestations of the lighter,course of the disease in 2 ~ 3 days more,have certain self-limiting,routine blood more normal,conventional stool all without exception,anal swab specimens of PCR,Norovirus nucleic acid testing positive. Conclusion This outbreak investigation identified as rainwater infiltration self-provided well together,bring your own water well by the network with tap water supply pipe network,some students drink is not caused by a boiling water,Norovirus infectious diarrhea outbreak,therefore,completes the school drinking water sources protection and network maintenance,regular drinking water quality inspection,the school supply plenty of hot water,strengthen health education,guiding students to develop good personal hygiene habits,to prevent and avoid the occurrence of such events is quite important.