情绪一致性编码与情绪一致性提取的非对称性研究

The Asymmetric Relationship Between Encoding and Retrieval in Emotion Congruent Memory

采用情绪一致性记忆范式,探索情绪一致性编码与提取之间的关系。两个实验先后选取180名普通大学生和180名普通中学生做被试,情绪电影片段诱发被试在编码或提取阶段高兴或悲伤的情绪状态,被试在学习情绪词后完成分心任务再进行自由回忆。实验分别控制被试在编码或提取时的情绪状态和被试在学习情绪词时的加工策略。结果发现:长时记忆存在情绪一致性编码和情绪一致性提取效应,但是不同加工策略下情绪一致性提取存在差异,情绪渗透模型无法解释该差异。结果表明,从行为研究层面发现情绪一致性编码与提取存在非对称性。

Two experiments used emotion congruent memory paradigm to investigate the relationship between emotion congruent encoding and emotion congruent retrieval. In experiment 1, One hundred and eighty undergraduate students were induced sad, happy or neutral emotion state with the particular film at encoding or retrieval phase, and then studied some emotional words by using intentional memorizing. In the end, the students were required to write as many as they could remember from the previously studied emotional words. In experiment 2, One hundred and eighty middle school students were studied some emotional words by using intentional memorizing or structure judgment processing strategies, and then induced sad, happy or neutral emotion state with the particular film after going divided task. In the end, the students were required to free recall the previously studied words. The finding showed that there were emotion congruent effects in both of encoding and retrieval in the long-term memory. Moreover, the results not only confirmed the differences between intentional memorizing and structure judgment processing strategies in emotion congruent retrieval, but also the affect infusion model cannot explain our results. In a word, there were the asymmetric relationship between encoding and retrieval in emotion congruent memory.