理论知识对相似性判断的影响:来自眼动的证据

The Effect of Theoretical Knowledge on the Similarity Judgment:Evidence from Eye Tracking

以大学生为被试,植物孢子图片为实验材料,采用2(材料关系类型:知觉相似vs概念相似)×2(学习条件:无理论知识条件vs有理论知识条件)的混合设计,通过眼动追踪技术探讨理论知识对相似性判断的作用机制。结果发现:理论知识改变了相似性判断等级,增加了对不同类型材料进行相似性判断的注视时间比率和注视次数比率,但并没有影响首次注视时间比率和凝视时间比率。在理论知识条件下进行相似性判断时人们更少地依赖于对情境的注视。这些结果表明理论知识影响相似性判断过程中注意在时间维度上的分配,而且理论知识对相似性判断的影响可能是在加工后期起作用的。

The college students have participated in the current study. The study used the plant spore pictures as the experimental materials, applied the mixed design of 2 （material relationship： perceived similarity and knowledge similarity） ×2 （learning condition： non-theoretical knowledge and theoretical knowledge） , and explored the action mechanism of the effect of theoretical knowledge on the similarity judgment by the eye tracking method. The results demonstrated that, the theoretical knowledge can impact on the grade of similarity judgment, the rate of total dwell time and the rate of fixation times of similarity judgment were increased in theoretical knowledge condition, and the number of skipping trials of context was increased in this condition, but the first fixation duration rate and the gaze duration rate weren＇t influenced. These findings suggest that theoretical knowledge affected the distribution of attention in the time dimension. Moreover, the influence of theoretical knowledge is in the post processing of similarity judgment.