自闭症谱系障碍儿童对不同类型社交场景注意模式的眼动差异

Eye Movements of Attention Patterns in Different Social Scenes for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

采用眼动追踪技术,通过变化社交人数操纵场景的社会性内容,比较自闭症谱系障碍儿童(ASD)和普通儿童(TD)对真实社交场景注意模式的差异。结果发现:(1)ASD儿童对社交场景的总注视时间和平均注视时间少于TD儿童;(2)随着社交场景中人数的增加,ASD儿童和TD儿童一样,对面孔、身体和嘴部的注视时间比和注视次数比逐渐降低;(3)相对于TD儿童,ASD儿童对社交场景中面孔、身体、眼部、嘴部等社会信息区域的注视加工更少,但对前景和背景等非社会信息区域的注视加工更多。整个研究表明,社交人数变化对ASD儿童和TD儿童社交场景注意模式的影响一致,但ASD儿童对社交场景的具体社会性信息的视觉加工上仍表现出特异性。

The study compared the attention patterns between children with Autism Spectrum Disorders （ASD） and Typically Developing （TD） in real-world social scenes via eye-tracking technology. The social content of the scene, as an independent variable, is achieved by manipulating the number of people in the scenes. The results showed that： 1） the total and average fixation duration of the social scenes of children with ASD were less than those with TD. 2） As the number of people increased in the social scene, the fixation duration proportions and fixation count proportions towards face, body and mouth were decreased gradually in both ASD and TD children. 3） Compared with the TD children, the ASD children had less visual processing to areas containing social information, such as face, body, eyes, and mouth in the scenes; but greater visual processing towards the foreground and background areas containing non-social information. These findings suggested that changing the number of people has the same effect on attention patterns in social scenes in both ASD and TD groups, however, the children with ASD showed different visual processing when dealing with the social information in the scenes.