膳食指导在社区高血压患者中的应用及对生活质量的影响

The application of dietary therapy in patients with hypertension and its impact on quality of life

目的 :探讨膳食指导对社区高血压患者生活质量的影响。方法 :选取2012年8月至2015年8月本社区的高血压患者86例,随机分配至观察组43例,平均年龄(53.5±4.2)岁,对照组43例,平均年龄(56.7±5.1)岁。对照组采取常规管理,观察组在对照组的基础上增加膳食指导,比较两组患者膳食中碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、胆固醇、钠盐、膳食纤维、钾和钙等含量变化,以及两组患者的血压及其生活质量。结果 :两组患者的干预后膳食营养素摄入指标均比干预前有所改善(P<0.05);但观察组的改善更加明显(P<0.05)。干预后两组收缩压和舒张压均比干预前有显著降低(P<0.05);但观察组的血压指标改善明显好于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者生活质量中生理功能、社会功能、生理职能、精神健康、情感职能、精力、总体健康状况等7个维度得分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 :对社区高血压患者采取膳食指导,能有助于控制和改善患者的血压,可以减轻患者的并发症,提高了患者的生命质量。

Objective： To explore the influence of dietary guidance on the quality of life in patients with hypertension. Methods： A total of 86 patients with hypertension from August 2012 to August 2015 were selected and randomly assigned to an observation group with 43 cases, average age （53.5±4.2） years and a control group of 43 cases with an average age （56.7±5.1） years. The control group took routine management, and the observation group was given dietary guidance on the basis of the control group. The changes of carbohydrate, protein, fat, cholesterol, sodium, dietary fiber, potassium and calcium in the diets and the blood pressure and quality of life of the two groups were compared. Results： The dietary nutrient intake of the two groups was better after the intervention than before the intervention（P〈0.05）, but the improvement in the observation group was more obvious（P〈0.05）. After the intervention, systolic and diastolic blood pressures of two groups were significantly lower than those before the intervention（P〈0.05）, but the improvement of blood pressure index in the observation group was better than that in the control group（P〈0.05）. The scores of physical function, social function, physiological function, mental health, emotional function, energy and general health status of the 7 dimensions in the quality of life in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Dietary therapy for patients with hypertension in the community can help to control and improve the blood pressure of patients, reduce the complications of patients and improve the quality of life of patients.