近自然经营对不同林龄人工油松林水源涵养能力的影响

Effects of Close-to-Nature Management on Water Conservation Capacity of the Artificial Pinus Tabulaeformis Forest of Different Ages

近自然经营是当今一种兼顾森林可持续发展和发挥森林多种效益的经营方式之一。为了研究近自然经营对不同林龄人工油松林水源涵养能力的影响,文章以燕山北麓旺业甸林场为研究地点,采用野外调查与室内浸水试验的方法,对其林下枯落物层和土壤层水源涵养能力进行测定。结果表明:(1)近自然经营下油松人工林的枯落物蓄积量、有效拦蓄量高于当地常规经营下的林分,但低于未经营的林分。(2)近自然经营改善了人工油松林土壤的水源涵养能力,其中,近自然经营下的土壤毛管孔隙度与土壤蓄水量均大于未经营与常规经营。(3)从综合情况来看,林地的土壤和枯落物水源涵养能力表现为近自然经营(1662.42t/hm^2)>未经营(1526.12t/hm^2)>常规经营(1379.18 t/hm^2)。因此,近自然经营有利于提高人工油松林的水源涵养能力。

Close-to-nature management is one of the modes that take account ot both torest sustainable development and its various benefits. In order to make clear the influence of close-to- nature management on the water conservation capacity of the artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forest of different ages,we conducted field investigation and indoor immersion experiment at the Wangyedian Forest Farm in north part of Yan Mountains to measure the water conservation capacity of the litter and soil layers of the forest. The results showed that： （1）The litter volume and effective storing content under close-to-nature management of the artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forest were higher than general management, but were lower than those without management. （2） The close-to-nature management improved the soil capillary porosity and soil volume of the forest, which were higher than those under general management or without management. （3）As a whole, the water conservation ability of soil and litter was shown as follows： close-to-nature management （1662.42 t/hm2） 〉 no management （1526.12 t/hm2） 〉 general management （1379.18 t/hm2）. As a result, the close-to-nature forest management could improve water conservation capacity of the artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forest.