珠海市12岁儿童龋病流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey of dental caries among 12-year-old children in Zhuhai City

目的:了解珠海市12岁儿童恒牙患龋状况,为开展儿童龋病防治知识的宣教提供建议,也为珠海地区儿童口腔保健和龋病防治工作提供现实依据及理论支持。方法:采用多阶段、分层、整群、随机抽样的方法,抽取珠海市3个区3所小学633名12岁儿童为调查对象,对儿童进行口腔健康检查和问卷调查。结果:633名受检儿童中恒牙的患龋率为37.3%,龋均0.87。城区、镇区和农村的患龋率分别为24.7%、37.5%和48.7%,龋均分别为0.50、0.95和1.16,不同区域患龋率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=38.9,P=0.000);女性患龋率(42%)高于男性(34%)(χ~2=4.28,P=0.039);易患龋牙方面,第一恒磨牙患龋率为35.4%,接近总体恒牙的患龋率。上下颌第一恒磨牙的患龋率比较差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=69.92,P=0.000)。结论:珠海市12岁儿童恒牙患龋率处于较高水平,第一磨牙的患龋尤为明显,应加强家长和儿童的口腔健康宣传教育,传播普及口腔保健知识,提高群众的龋病防治意识,做到早期预防,早期干预。

Objective： To investigate the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-old children in Zhuhai so as to provide advice on the development of children knowledge of prevention and treatment of dental caries and provide practical basis and theoretical support for children oral health care and caries prevention and control in Zhuhai. Methods： Multi-stage,stratified,cluster and random sampling methods were adopted to extract633 12-year-old children in 3 primary schools from 3 districts of Zhuhai City to make oral health examination and questionnaires. Results： The rate of permanent teeth caries was 37. 3 % and the average caries were 0. 87. The caries rates in urban areas,townships and rural areas were 24.7 %,37. 5 % and 48. 7 % respectively. The average caries were 0. 50,0. 95 and 1. 16 respectively,and the difference was statistically significant（ χ^2= 38. 9,P = 0. 000）; The prevalence of dental caries in female was higher than that in male（ 42 % vs 34 %; χ^2= 4. 28,P = 0. 039）. Among the teeth susceptible to dental caries,the first permanent molar caries rate was 35. 4 %,close to the overall permanent tooth caries rate.There was significant difference in caries rate between maxillary and mandibular first molars（ χ^2= 69. 92,P = 0. 000）. Conclusion： 12-year-old children with permanent teeth caries in Zhuhai are at a high level and the first molar caries is particularly evident. The oral health education should be strengthened in children and their parents,the oral health knowledge should be spread and the awareness of caries prevention and control should be improved. Early prevention and early intervention should be made.