“除四害、讲卫生”运动中的基层社会动员——以河北蠡县为中心的考察

Social Mobilization among Grass-roots of “Eliminating the Four Pests and Paying attention to Hygiene” Campaign——A Research Centered on Li County of Hebei Province

"除四害、讲卫生"是20世纪50年代爱国卫生运动的重要组成部分,目的是"消灭疾病、人人振奋、移风易俗、改造国家"。为实现这一目的,从中央到地方,中共对社会各阶层进行广泛动员。基层县域蠡县采取多样化的动员形式,一跃成为省级先进县,其经验也在全省推广。运动取得成效,受"大跃进"形势下浮夸风、高指标、瞎指挥、"共产风"等"左"倾错误影响,效果也出现一些偏差,运动呈现出不能持久、反复进行的弊端。

＂Eliminating the Four Pests and Paying Attention to Hygiene＂,an important part of the Patriotic Public Health Campaign in the 1950 s,was aimed at ＂eradicating disease,encouraging everyone,changing habits and customs,and reforming the country＂.In order to achieve the goal,the Communist Party of China conducted a wide range of mobilization among different social stratum.Li County took various forms of mobilization and became a provincial advanced county,its experience was also promoted in the province.The movement achieved some success.But affected by the＂Great Leap Forward＂situation under the exaggerated,high indicators,blind command,＂communist wind＂and other ＂left＂impact of the wrong,mobilization effect resulted with some deviations,the movement showed a lasting,repeated defects.