明代以降南瓜引种的生态适应与协调

Ecological Adaptation and Coordination of Pumpkin Introduction since the Ming Dynasty

美洲作物南瓜是"哥伦布大交换"中的急先锋,最早进入中国且推广速度最快,作为救荒作物影响日广。个中要义在于南瓜是典型的环境亲和型作物,高产速收、抗逆性强、耐贮耐运、无碍农忙、不与争地、适口性佳、营养丰富等。在环境史视野下观之,南瓜衍生了丰富的生态智慧,在"三才"理论体系下,南瓜展现了人与自然的和谐统一。从整体史观的角度考察南瓜的生命史,贯穿了地宜、物宜的生态思想,南瓜就是自然与社会二重属性的统一。

American pumpkin is the driving vanguard of ＂Columbian Exchange＂, and it was introduced into China at the earliest time and with the fastest speed, serving as a major crop in famine periods and gaining increasing influence. The reasons behind it are that pumpkin is a typical environment-friendly crop, with fast and high yield, strong stress tolerance, great endurance to long store and far transport, good taste, high nutrition and so on. Besides, it is easy to plant and does not need too much cropland. From the perspective of environmental history, rich ecological wisdoms have derived from pumpkin. In traditional Chinese theoretical system of ＂Heaven, Earth and Human＂, pumpkin embodies the harmony between man and nature. And from overall historical viewpoint, the ecological thoughts of ＂right condition＂ and ＂right object＂ run through the life history of pumpkin, so pumpkin is the unity of twofold attributes, nature and society.