从“意”概念的二重性看杨简的“不起意”学说

How Do We Understand Yangjian's Theory of “Not Arousing Intension”? A Perspective for the Duplicity of “Intension”

"不起意"是宋儒杨简心学思想的重要组成部分,但如何理解这个命题,历来争议颇多。"不起意"针对的乃是与本心要求不相符合的意念。本心与意念之间原本是"直心直意"的关系,意念没有独立的来源,它只是本心在感性的误导之下所呈现的虚假状态,真正应该负责任的依然是本心,因此"不起意"也是本心的自我回归。如果我们能够通过修持工夫保持本心的常觉常明,意念便可顺着本心而自然流出,应物而无累,此乃"不起意"的真实意图。

The theory of 'not arousing intension' is a significant part for Yangjian's philosophy in South Song Dynasty. There have been a lot of debates around this statement since it is proposed. The author thinks that the concept 'intension' has double meanings, by checking the two different states when the intension is triggered, we find that 'not arousing intension' aims to cure and correct those intensions that do not accord with the original heart-mind. Ideally, the heart-mind and intension are also direct when they are triggered, for which the intension is of no independent sources but an illusion that displayed when the original heart-mind is misled by sensibility. Therefore, the ultimate subject is the original heart-mind. If we can keep the original heart-mind in the state of clear awareness all the time by cultivation, the intension will be naturally triggered by the original heart-mind rather than led by things without, which is the real end for the theory of 'not arousing intension'.