不同品种(系)紫苏含油量及脂肪酸成分对海拔的响应

Response of Oil Content and Fatty Acid Components in Different Perilla frutescens Varieties to Elevation

为紫苏的合理栽培提供理论依据,在贵州选取5个海拔梯度(398~1 391m)试验点种植6个紫苏品种(系)(奇苏1~6号),收获后检测紫苏含油量及主要脂肪酸成分,分析不同海拔高度紫苏含油量及脂肪酸成分变化。结果表明:不同品种(系)紫苏含油量及脂肪酸成分对不同海拔试验点的响应不同,奇苏1号在镇宁县(海拔1 391m)、开阳县(615m)、思南县(398m)和福泉市(821m)以及奇苏4号在开阳县试验点含油量较高,平均含油量47.27%;奇苏4号在开阳县、湄潭县(海拔802m)、思南县和镇宁县以及奇苏3号在开阳县种植的α-亚麻酸含量较高,平均含量为65.03%;奇苏1号、奇苏2号、奇苏4号和奇苏6号在镇宁县种植及奇苏3号和奇苏5号在福泉市种植的籽粒不饱和脂肪酸含量较高。以含油量为目标性状,奇苏1号含量较高,适宜贵州省内不同海拔点种植;若以亚麻酸含量为目标性状,奇苏4号含量较高,适宜贵州省内不同海拔点种植;以不饱和脂肪酸为目标性状,偏高海拔地区种植紫苏其籽粒不饱和脂肪酸含量较高。

The oil content and main fatty acid components of six P.frutescens varieties（lines）planted at five sites with different elevation（398～1 391m）are analyzed to study the response of oil content and fatty acid components in different P.frutescens varieties to elevation and provide the theoretical basis for rational cultivation of P.frutescens.Results：The response of oil content and fatty acid components in different P.frutescens varieties to elevation is different.The average oil content of Qisu 1in Zhenning County（1 391m）,Kaiyang County（615m）,Sinan County（398m）and Fuquan City（821m）and Qisu 4in Kaiyang County is the highest（47.27%）.The averageα-linolenic acid content of Qisu 4in Kaiyang County,Meitan County（802m）,Sinan County and Zhenning County,and Qisu 3in Zhenning County is65.03%.The unsaturated fatty acid content of Qisu 1,Qisu 2Qisu 4and Qisu 6in Zhenning County and Qisu 3and Qisu 5in Fuquan County is higher.Qisu 1with a higher oil content and Qisu 4with a higherα-linolenic acid content can be cultivated in different regions with different elevation in Guizhou suitably.Six P.frutescens varieties should be cultivated in regions with a higher elevation to obtain a higher unsaturated fatty acid content in P.frutescens seeds.