德国、日本和我国台湾地区药品价格规制经验及启示

Experience and Enlightenment of Drug Price Regulation in Germany,Japan and Taiwan Region of China

目的:为完善我国药品价格规制政策提供参考。方法:运用文献研究、制度比较等方法,归纳总结德国、日本和我国台湾地区药品价格规制政策的共性和特色,借鉴其成功经验。结果与结论:德国、日本和我国台湾地区药品价格管理各有特色。德国实行参考价格制度和新药定价机制,是最早实行参考价格制度的国家;日本采用新药创新性加价、仿制药递减定价和药品价格再调整体制;我国台湾地区实行分类分组差别定价、鼓励竞争议价并定期对药价调查与调价。德国、日本和我国台湾地区均将医保支付价作为药价管理的核心,采取综合手段规制药品价格,同时也都注重对市场价格的监测和定期调整,价格谈判和药物经济学等多种定价方法被广泛应用。以价值为基础的定价是目前药品价格政策改革的趋势,我国在完善药品价格管理制度时可有所借鉴。

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for improving the drug price regulation policy in China. METHODS： Literature research, system comparison and other methods were used to summarize the commonalities and characteristics of drug price regula- tion policy in Germany, Japan and Taiwan Region of China, and the successful experience was learned. RESULTS ＆ CONCLU- SIONS： Drug price management in Germany, Japan and Taiwan Region of China has their own characteristics. Germany conducted reference price system and new drug pricing mechanism, which was the first country to introduce the reference price system. Japan granted price premiums to innovative drugs, decreased pricing for generic drugs and adjusted drug price again. And Taiwan Region of China classified and grouped differential pricing to encourage competition negotiation and regularly investigated drug prices and pric- ing. Germany, Japan and Taiwan Region regard medicare pay price as core of drug price management, adopt comprehensive means to regulate the drug price, and pay attention to the monitoring and regular adjustment of market price as well. Price negotiation, phar- macoeconomics and multiple pricing methods are broadly used. Value-based drug pricing system is new trend of price policy re- form. It can be used for reference to improve the drug price regulation system in China.