中国城市老年人日常生活自理能力社会经济差异的年龄模式研究

Age Pattern of Socioeconomic Differentials in Activities of Daily Livingamong the Elderly in Urban China

社会经济地位是影响健康和健康不平等最重要的决定因素。大量研究表明,社会经济地位与健康间存在稳定的正向梯度关系,但对这一关系如何随年龄增长的变化趋势却了解得不多。使用2006年中国城乡老年人口状况抽样调查数据,采用双变量分析、Logistic回归模型和集中指数分析了城市老年人日常生活自理能力(ADL)社会经济差异的年龄模式。结果表明,我国城市老年人ADL丧失水平随年龄增长而上升,但ADL丧失的社会经济差异却随着年龄增长而缩小,呈现明显的收敛趋势。研究结果提示,在进入老年阶段之前和老年早期,缩小健康社会经济差异对于推迟日常生活自理能力的丧失非常重要。

Socioeconomic status（SES） is the most important determinant of health and health inequalities. Although a robust, positiverelationship between SES and health has been well established ,far less clear is how this relationship changes with aging. Using the data from 2006 China Sampling Survey on the Elderly, this study examines the age pattern of socioeconomic differentials in ADL among the elderly in Urban China by means of bivariate analysis,logistic regression and concentration index. The results show thatthe prevalence of ADL dependence increases significantly with age, but socioeconomic differentials in ADL dependence decline and tend to be convergent significantly with age. The findings suggest that reduction of socioeconomic differentials in health before entering old age and in early old age is essential to postponing ADL dependence.