毒蕈中毒的机制与治疗进展

Mushroom poisoning： mechanisms of toxicity and therapy

毒蕈中毒是威胁人类健康的全球性问题。鹅膏毒肽是引起毒蕈中毒最常见的毒素，致死率极高。鹅膏毒肽的中毒机制主要是其对核糖核酸（RNA）聚合酶Ⅱ活性的抑制。毒蕈中毒的治疗包括支持治疗、毒物清除、药物治疗、肝移植等。毒蕈中毒缺乏高效的解毒药物和治疗手段，仍需要更多的研究与探索。

Mushroom poisoning has long been recognized as a human health hazard worldwide. Amatoxins are the main toxins and the most poisonous parts of poisonous mushroom, which are responsible for the high mortality in mushroom poisoning cases. It is recognized that α - amanitin inhibits RNA polymerase Ⅱ, leading to protein deficit and cell death, although other mechanisms are thought to be involved. Therapy for mushroom poisoning includes supportive measures, toxins removal, drug therapy and ultimately liver transplantation if clinical condition worsens. The discovery of effective antidotes is still remained to be unsolved, which needs further experiments and researches.