中国陆上深层油气资源勘探开发现状及展望

Status and prospects of exploration and exploitation of the deep oil & gas resources onshore China

深层油气勘探开发近年来获得了一系列重大突破,但中国陆上深层油气资源勘探开发取得的进展、面临的挑战以及发展趋势尚无系统的分析。通过深入分析,概括了深层油气资源5点基本特征:(1)气多油少,相态类型复杂;(2)高温高压普遍,不同盆地或层系差异大;(3)多元供烃,多源复合;(4)储层相对致密,但发育规模中高效储层;(5)成藏过程复杂,多期成藏改造。梳理了深层油气勘探开发的过程,认为中国深层油气勘探开发目前处于"规模发现阶段",在深层碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩、火山岩三大领域都取得了重大进展,但仍面临4方面挑战,主要表现为:(1)生烃、成储、成藏过程复杂,制约了勘探方向与目标选择;(2)钻完井周期长成本高,制约油气发现进程与效益开发;(3)高温压小井眼测井技术不成熟,制约了油气层识别精度;(4)开发方式及采油采气技术装备不适应,制约了有效开发和规模动用。在综合分析的基础上,指出中国陆上深层油气资源集中于三大领域六大盆地,勘探潜力巨大,是重要的油气资源战略接替领域,建议集中相关油气公司、石油院校及科研单位研究力量,攻克制约深层发展的重大基础理论和共性技术难题,集成涉及深层领域相关成果,构建深层油气勘探开发理论、技术体系,支撑深层领域快速发展。

Deep oil and gas exploration and exploitation have made a series of significant breakthroughs in recent years. However, the progress, challenges and development trend of exploration and development of onshore deep oil and gas resources in China have not been systematically analyzed.This article summarized five fundamental characters of deep petroleum resources. （1）More gas and less oil,with complicated phase statel （2）Universally high temperature and high pressure,but great differences existing in different basins or strata ; （3） Multi hydrocarbon accommodation, multi hydrocarbon sources ; （4） Relatively dense reservoir, but having large scale efficient reservoirs; （5）Complicated accumulation and multi period reconstructions. Based on the exploration and development history of deep oil and gas,it is regarded that the exploration and development of deep petroleum in China is at the ＂large-scale discovery stage＂, and great achievements have been obtained in the carbonate/clastic/volcanic reservoirs, but four challenges still exist.. （1） complex hydrocarbon generation, reservoir evolution and accumulation restrict the exploration orientation and targets ; （2） the long period and high cost of well drilling restrict the petroleum discovery and efficient develop- ment; （3）immature high temperature ＆ high pressure slim hole logging technology restricts accurate iden- tification of hydrocarbon reservoir; （4）unadapted petroleum recovery technique and equipment restrict ef- fective development and large scale utilization.On the basis of comprehensive analysis,it is concluded that deep petroleum resources mainly exist in three areas of six basins in onshore China, with great exploration potential,which is strategic replacement.It is suggested that petroleum companies,universities research institute should be gathered to overcome problems in limited time, integrate innovative achievements, and develop deep oil ＆ gas exploration and development theories and technical system to support deep oil ＆ gas rapid development.