曲麻莱地区光温湿度变化特征及其对牧草产量的影响

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT,TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY CHANGES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON PASTURE YIELD IN THE QUMALAI AREA

利用1965~2015年曲麻莱地区月、光、温、湿气象资料和1990~2015年牧草资料,采用线性倾向估计、相关分析等方法分析了该地区光、温、水和牧草产量变化特征及其同期牧草产量和温湿因子之间相关性研究。结果表明:近51a来曲麻莱地区年平均气温以0.42℃/10a的速率呈极显著升温趋势,四季气温均呈极显著增加且秋季气温对年气温升温贡献率最大;年降水量和日照时数以11.6mm/10a和-18.9h/10a的速率呈不显著的增加和减少趋势,日照时数减少主要体现在春夏季;1990~2015年曲麻莱地区牧草产量以441.0(kg·hm^2)/10a速率呈显著增加趋势;牧草产量和同期温湿因子之间呈显著正相关,但年降水量变化对牧草产量的影响要大于气温对牧草产量的影响,冬季气温和夏季降水量对牧草产量的影响要大于其他各季气温和降水对牧草产量的影响。

Usingthe 1965 - 2015 monthly meteorological data of light, temperature and humidity and 1990 2015 pasture data, analysing the variation characteristics of light, temperature, humidity and the relationship between pasture yield and these meteorological factors in the same period by using the method of linear trend and related analysis. The results show： In the last 51 years, the annual average temperature significantly in- creased by 0.42℃/10a, though the whole seasons＂ temperature increased, autumn gave the most contribution to the annual temperature increasing. The precipitation and sunshine duration decreased by the rate of 11.6 mm / 10a and -18.9 h/ 10a but not significantly, the decreasing in sunshine duration is mainly reflected in spring and summer. The yield of pasture in Qumalai area showed a significant increase by the rate of 441.0 （ kg · hm^2） / 10a from 1990 to 2015, there was a significant positive correlation between pasture yield and tempera- ture and humidity factor, the influence of annual precipitation change is greater than the influence of tempera- ture on forage yield; the influence of winter temperature and summer precipitation were greater than other sea- son＇s temperature and precipitation on forage yield.