冲突与调适——华中根据地婚姻习俗变革中的国家与乡村社会

Conflict and Accommodation——State and Rural Community Reflected in Marriage Custom Reformation in Central China Base Area

婚姻习俗的变革是国家权力与乡村社会互动的结果,婚姻自由政策推行过程中伴随着革命、性别与传统的复杂纠葛。华中根据地颁布了一系列婚姻自由政策与法令,但新政的推行遇到了一系列因素的制约:包括婚姻自由与革命整体利益的矛盾,经济、社会条件的制约,乡村习俗的制约,代际、性别矛盾等。婚姻自由政策的推行并非一帆风顺,革命、传统、性别之间存在激烈的博弈与互动。面对种种制约,根据地将妇女权利的提升与生产劳动相结合;同时尊重旧习惯,利用旧形式,使革命政策尽量与传统习俗相适应;在婚姻变革实践中发挥上层阶级与宗族势力的作用。革命既为妇女带来了婚姻自由的契机,同时也借重于女性的力量;革命既改造着传统婚俗,又受到传统习俗的严重制约。妇女在稍许挣脱传统婚姻陋俗的同时,又不得不服从于革命整体利益。根据地婚俗变革的措施,对当今农村的婚姻、妇女问题仍具有借鉴意义。

Marriage custom reformation was the outcome of reciprocal effects between state power and rural community.The implementation of policy of marriage freedom was interwoven with conflicts among revolution,gender and tradition.Central China base area promulgated a series of policies and laws on marriage freedom which were restricted by factors like the conflict between marriage freedom and integral benefits of revolution,restriction of economy,social condition and rural custom,and dispute in generation and gender.So the policy was not smoothly carried out,which can be explained by the gambling and interaction among revolution,tradition and gender.Challenged by all the difficulties,the base area emphasized both raising women’s status and productive activity,valued custom and traditional form to make revolution policy adapt to traditional custom as far as possible,and made full use of the influence of upper class and religious forces.Revolution brought the possibility of marriage freedom to women and relied on women for support.Revolution and the traditional marriage custom were mutually transformed and restricted.As women struggled to get rid of the undesirable custom in marriage,they had to comply with the integral benefits of revolution.The problems on marriage and women in rural areas today can still draw lessons from the measures of marriage custom reformation in base area.