农民选举参与中的阶层差异——基于CLDS2014的实证分析

Social Stratification and Farmers' Voting in Rural China——An Empirical Study Based on Data of CLDS 2014

利用来自全国农村的8 181个样本考察阶层分化对农民选举参与行为的影响,结果表明:在村兼业阶层的选举参与积极性最高,然后依次为规模化经营大户阶层、一般农业经营者阶层和亦工亦农阶层,脱农农业阶层的参与积极性最低;农民选举参与中的阶层差异主要取决于农民各阶层与村庄利益关联的强弱,体现出了农村阶层分化背景下农民政治参与行为的一般逻辑。为此,要激发农民的选举参与热情、促进农村的基层民主建设,就必须采取诸如进一步完善农地产权制度、加强村庄基础设施建设、夯实农村集体经济等措施来增强村民和村庄的利益关联;同时也要根据各阶层农民的利益诉求采取相应的激励和动员措施。

Based on 8181samples from data of CLDS 2014,this paper studies the impact of social stratification on farmers’behavior in election participation.The result shows that farmers’social stratification is a key variable influencing farmers’political participation.The village elites are most active in political participation,closely followed by large scale operationers,general small scale operationers,people engaged in both agricultural and industrial production,and the off-farm workers.The degree of farmers’participation in voting is decided by the link of their interests with the village community,which serves as a common logic in their political participation.Thus to stimulate farmers’passion in voting and promote democracy at a village level,the link between farmers’interests and village community should be strengthened by improving rural land property system,accelerating infrastructure construction and solidifying the community economy.Incentives and measures should be taken according to interests resorts of farmers of different classes.