作物人类学视阈下转基因作物的推广困境分析

Study on Dilemma of Transgenic Crops Spreading from Perspective of Crop Anthropology

近三十年来,转基因作物的研发和推广均取得巨大成就,但也面临焦灼的困境。从作物人类学角度来看,目前的窘境主要来源于转基因作物推广过程中产生的三大结构性矛盾:实验室的科学理性与人类社会的文化感性、生物科技公司的趋利投机和普罗大众的生存权益、政府的决策逻辑和民众的行动逻辑。为营造转基因作物推广的包容性社会环境,充分展现生物技术的效用和福祉,科技工作者和推广人员应摒弃工具理性的简单线性思维,尊重地方价值、文化传统、社会伦理及民众意愿等;政策制定者应提升广大受众如农民和消费者的话语权,增强决策透明度。

In the past three decades,research and development and promotion of the Transgenic Crops have made significant achievements.Meanwhile,there are some enormous difficulties.From the perspective of Crop Anthropology,the difficulties are mainly from three structural contradictions in the spreading process:the scientific rationalism of the laboratory and cultural sensibility of human society,the pursuing profits and speculating of biotech companies and the survival rights of the general public,the decision logic of government and the action logic of people.In order to build a fine social environment and show the biotechnology utility for Transgenic Crops,scientists and marketers should first abandon the simple linear thinking under the instrumental rationality,then respect the local values,cultural traditions,social ethics and people’s wills.In addition,the policy makers should elevate the speech right of farmers and consumers,and increase the transparency of decision-making.